Practical knowledge from a fan manufacturer

Engineering Guides

Airflow, pressure, control and reliability methods for selecting or developing the right cooling fan for your product.

All Guides Fan Selection Airflow / CFM Static Pressure P-Q Curve PWM Control Bearings ＆ Lifetime Installation ＆ Ducting AI Server Cooling Data Center Cooling

Latest Guides

Selection, airflow and thermal-design methods for real cooling systems.

Outdoor battery energy storage cabinets with ventilation grilles and cooling fans, an engineer inspecting an open cabinet

BESSOct 27, 2026

C&I BESS Air-Cooling Fan Selection Guide

Size air-cooling fans for small C&I battery cabinets by airflow, temperature rise, noise and dust, then prove the sample.

Engineer holding a replacement fan motor module in front of an open control cabinet with a large axial fan

EC FansOct 26, 2026

EC Fan Failed? Repairable Replacement Checklist

An EC fan failure is not always a whole-unit swap. Check repairable parts, match the duty point, and validate a sample first.

Engineer measuring a CRAC unit with its front panel open, revealing a large fan inside, in a data center hall

CRAC RetrofitOct 25, 2026

CRAC Fan Retrofit: AC to EC Checklist

Replace CRAC AC fans with EC fans: size at the real duty, hold static pressure, prove it on a pilot. Savings of about 50%, payback under two years.

Engineer inspecting a retrofitted air handling unit with a parallel fan wall array inside the casing

AHU RetrofitOct 24, 2026

AHU FanGrid Retrofit: Key Selection Checks

Replace one belt-driven AHU fan with a parallel fan wall: size the array, hold static pressure, plan N+1, prove it on a pilot.

Engineer comparing two fan pressure-flow curves at the installed duty point for an ErP replacement review

ErP 2026Oct 23, 2026

ErP-Compliant Fan Replacement on an SME Budget

ErP compliance does not require premium-brand prices at every position. Split the premium, evaluate equivalents at the duty point, and validate samples.

Fan sample validation bench for an ErP 2026 replacement fan review

ErP 2026Oct 22, 2026

ErP 2026 Replacement Fans: Sample Validation

Regulation (EU) 2024/1834 is live. Check whether your fan is in scope, then validate replacement samples at BEP and at the real duty point.

Industrial laser equipment cooling path with optical and power zones

Laser Equipment CoolingOct 21, 2026

Industrial Laser Fan Selection and Validation

A practical guide to cooling laser optics and power electronics against dust, vibration, noise and installed pressure.

Engineering inputs for a replacement cooling fan review: size, voltage, airflow and static pressure targets

Cooling Fan ReplacementOct 21, 2026

Replacement Fan Selection and Sample Validation

Original fan discontinued or too slow to ship? Match the operating point, check the differences that matter and validate samples before you commit.

Engineer measuring the noise of a cooling fan installed in an enclosure with a handheld sound level meter in a test lab

Cooling Fan NoiseOct 20, 2026

Cooling Fan Noise Measurement Guide

Measure installed cooling-fan noise with a fixed duty point, background, microphone position, mounting condition and thermal check.

Data center fan wall with multiple cooling fan modules serving a shared airflow path

Data Center Fan WallSep 28, 2026

Data Center Fan Wall Guide | Fan Array Airflow

Custom cooling fans for data center fan walls. Match airflow, pressure, N+1 redundancy and controls. Request a sample.

Cooling fan behind a wire finger guard and a pleated inlet filter mounted on an enclosure

Fan Guard Pressure LossSep 26, 2026

Fan Guard, Filter and Clearance Losses

Include fan guard, inlet filter and clearance losses in the pressure budget before selecting and validating a cooling fan.

A network switch in a rack with airflow direction arrows from the cold aisle through the chassis to the hot aisle, showing the two-layer cooling problem.

Network Switch CoolingSep 24, 2026

Network Switch Cooling Fan Selection

Select network switch cooling fans by matching chassis pressure, airflow direction, rack conditions, noise, control and service requirements.

A cutaway view of a cooling fan bearing system next to a life-versus-temperature chart, illustrating the selection between sleeve, ball and fluid dynamic bearing systems by duty.

Cooling Fan Bearing SelectionSep 24, 2026

Ball vs Sleeve vs Fluid Dynamic Bearing Fans

Choose a cooling fan bearing by temperature, orientation, dust, noise, life assumptions and representative sample validation.

Three cooling fan types side by side — an axial fan, a forward-curved centrifugal blower and a backward-curved centrifugal fan — with airflow direction arrows through representative enclosure paths.

Axial vs Centrifugal FansSep 24, 2026

Axial vs Centrifugal vs Blower Fans

Choose axial, centrifugal or blower fans by matching air path, system resistance, pressure, operating point and cooling requirement.

Three cooling fan catalogues from different manufacturers open on an engineer's bench next to a measured fan sample, illustrating one replacement method reading all three catalogues.

Delta Fan ReplacementSep 24, 2026

Delta, NMB ＆ SUNON Fan Replacement

Compare Delta, NMB and SUNON fan replacements by footprint, interface, duty point, life and validated sample testing.

A high static pressure cooling fan being measured with callipers next to its datasheet, illustrating the engineering checklist for replacing a Sanyo Denki 9GA or 9GV fan.

Sanyo Denki 9GA ReplacementSep 24, 2026

Sanyo Denki 9GA / 9GV Fan Replacement

Replace Sanyo Denki 9GA and 9GV fans by checking fit, airflow, pressure, interface, life and sample validation.

Cooling fan selection: two candidate fan curves crossing a system resistance curve at different operating points

Custom Cooling Fan ReplacementSep 24, 2026

Custom Replacement Cooling Fan

Select a custom replacement cooling fan by matching duty point, interface, environment, life and validated sample results.

Engineers reviewing an opened industrial electronics enclosure with two axial cooling fans, heat sink, filter and airflow plot

Custom Cooling Fan RFQSep 18, 2026

Custom Cooling Fan RFQ

Prepare a custom cooling fan RFQ with heat load, airflow, static pressure, interface, environment and sample acceptance requirements.

Containerized BESS with internal HVAC module, battery racks, gas detector and a separate emergency exhaust duct

BESS Cooling FanSep 18, 2026

BESS Cooling vs Emergency Ventilation

Separate BESS normal cooling from emergency ventilation by defining fan duty, controls, evidence and custom-sample boundaries.

BESS cabinet technician replacing a loaded intake filter beside a cooling fan and differential pressure gauge

BESS Filter LoadingSep 18, 2026

BESS Filter Loading

Plan BESS fan selection for filter loading with pressure-drop evidence, PWM limits, maintenance alarms and representative thermal validation.

BESS cabinet thermal control test showing two cooling fans, filter, thermistor leads and test instrumentation

BESS Fan ControlSep 18, 2026

BESS Fan Control: Validate Thermistors

Design BESS fan control around thermistors, PWM, FG feedback, alarm thresholds and the boundary between cooling and emergency ventilation.

Industrial electronics control cabinet with filtered lower intake, upper exhaust fan, heat sink and illustrated blue supply airflow plus an orange external recirculation loop

Hot-Air RecirculationSep 18, 2026

Hot-Air Recirculation in Electronics Enclosures

Diagnose hot-air recirculation and internal bypass, then validate intake, exhaust and hotspot temperatures before increasing fan speed.

Open industrial electronics enclosure with two cooling fans, a filter, thermocouple leads and an environmental chamber in a thermal test laboratory

Worst-Case Fan ValidationSep 18, 2026

Worst-Case Cooling Fan Validation

Validate cooling-fan thermal margin at high ambient, loaded filters, low command and realistic heat load before approving custom samples.

Cutaway electronics enclosure showing intake grille, filter, cooling fan, heatsink, cable routing and exhaust louvre in one airflow path

Electronics Enclosure Pressure DropSep 18, 2026

Electronics Enclosure Pressure-Drop Budget

Build an electronics-enclosure pressure-drop budget for grilles, filters, heatsinks and outlets before changing fan size or speed.

Thermal engineering lab measuring airflow from a cooling fan enclosure with a pitot probe and differential pressure instrument

Cooling Fan Airflow MeasurementSep 17, 2026

Cooling Fan Airflow Measurement

Measure installed cooling fan CFM with defined planes, pressure, velocity, temperature and RPM instead of one reading.

Two laboratory cooling fan test rigs comparing front-to-back series fans with side-by-side parallel fans

Series vs Parallel Cooling FansSep 17, 2026

Cooling Fans in Series vs Parallel

Choose series or parallel cooling fans from the system curve, then validate interaction, failure behaviour and installed airflow.

Engineer measuring a cooling fan, PWM command and temperature at an electronics test bench

TACH SignalSep 17, 2026

Fan TACH and RD Fault Detection

Validate cooling fan faults with TACH, RD, pressure and temperature evidence instead of treating normal RPM as proof of airflow.

Thermal engineer validating a PWM cooling fan, temperature probe and waveform at an electronics test bench

Cooling Fan ControlSep 17, 2026

Cooling Fan Control Hunting

Stop cooling fan RPM oscillation by checking sensor placement, hysteresis, PWM minimum speed, ramp response and tach feedback.

Cooling fan mounted inside a transparent electronics enclosure on a laboratory test bench with probes and instruments

Cooling Fan Sample ValidationSep 11, 2026

Cooling Fan Sample Validation

Validate a cooling fan sample with installed airflow, pressure, temperature, noise, controls and worst-case enclosure testing.

Sealed industrial electronics enclosure with cooling fan, dust, water droplets and environmental instruments

Cooling Fan IP RatingSep 10, 2026

Cooling Fan IP Rating and Environment

Specify cooling fan environmental protection by separating IP rating, enclosure sealing, humidity, condensation and whole-product validation.

Comparison of AC, EC and DC cooling fan technologies

EC vs AC vs DC FansSep 9, 2026

EC vs AC vs DC Cooling Fans

Compare EC, AC and low-voltage DC fans by duty point, pressure, control, power, redundancy and service needs before validation.

AI server fan selection workflow and thermal design workspace

AI Server Cooling FanSep 9, 2026

AI Server Cooling Fan Selection

Select AI server cooling fans from heat load, airflow path, system pressure, noise, redundancy and control, then validate a sample.

AI server enclosure thermal design with cooling fan and airflow planning

AI ServersSep 9, 2026

AI Server Thermal Design

Build an air-cooled AI server thermal architecture around heat maps, pressure budgets, fan control, fault states and measured performance.

Industrial cooling fan in a hot electronics enclosure with blue airflow and orange thermal glow

High-Temperature Cooling FanSep 9, 2026

High-Temperature Cooling Fan Selection

Select high-temperature cooling fans by checking air-density loss, operating point, bearing life, controls and enclosure validation.

Cooling fan in an electronics enclosure on an acoustic and vibration test bench with microphones and sensors

Cooling Fan NoiseSep 9, 2026

Cooling Fan Noise in Real Enclosures

Evaluate installed cooling fan noise by measuring dB-A, tonal peaks, vibration and thermal performance at the real duty point.

High-density server enclosure with fans and airflow paths

High-Density Rack AirflowSep 8, 2026

High-Density Rack Airflow

Diagnose high-density rack airflow by measuring bypass, recirculation, inlet conditions and service-state changes after equipment changes.

Cutaway of an electronics enclosure showing an intake fan, heat sinks, and a red recirculation loop indicating an airflow short-circuit

Cooling Fan InstallationSep 7, 2026

Cooling Fan Installation

Prevent cooling fan installation failures by checking recirculation, bypass, grilles, filters, clearance and system effect before validation.

Cutaway cooling fan revealing the internal ball bearing on the left, paired with a glowing Weibull survival curve on the right

Cooling Fan Bearing LifeSep 6, 2026

Cooling Fan Bearing Life and L10

Specify cooling fan bearing life and L10 by temperature, load, orientation and duty, then validate with a representative sample.

PWM signal diagram for cooling fan speed control

4-Wire PWM Fan ControlSep 5, 2026

4-Wire PWM Fan Control

Validate 4-wire PWM cooling fans with TACH feedback, startup, minimum speed and closed-loop control in the installed system.

Fan and heatsink connected by intersecting fan and system resistance curves with a glowing operating point

Fan P-Q CurveSep 4, 2026

Fan P-Q Curve: Find Airflow

Learn how to read a fan P-Q curve and match airflow, pressure and the installed system operating point.

Static pressure measurement setup for cooling fans

Fan Static PressureSep 3, 2026

Fan Static Pressure

Understand fan static pressure by mapping filters, heatsinks, grilles and ducts to system resistance and the installed operating point.

Cooling fan airflow visualization for CFM measurement

Cooling Airflow CFMSep 2, 2026

Cooling Airflow CFM Calculation

Calculate cooling airflow from heat load and temperature rise, then account for air density, system resistance and real fan performance.

Cooling fan beside engineering tools and a server design workspace

Cooling Fan SelectionSep 1, 2026

How to Select a Cooling Fan

Select a cooling fan by heat load, system resistance and service life, then validate a sample in the airflow path.